olemus
ISO 10795, 12100 14620, IEC 60050 jt:
süsteemi mitme sõltumatu komponendi tõrge ühesugustel asjaoludel
= failure of multiple identical items that fail in the same mode

ülevaateid
https://sis-tech.com/wp-content/uploads/2005/10/Random_Systematic_and_Common_Cause_Failure.pdf
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20160005837/downloads/20160005837.pdf
https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/307031
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cause_and_special_cause_(statistics)