("võltsi lipuga", väljend on saanud alguse meresõjas)

olemus
sooritatav nii, nagu teeks seda mingi teine jõud (rühmitus, riik)

Merriam-Webster:
false flag, noun
1: a hostile or harmful action (such as an attack) that is designed to look like it was perpetrated by someone other than the person or group responsible for it

ülevaateid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_flag

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42400-020-00048-4

https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/False-flag-and-no-flag-20052015.pdf

https://i.blackhat.com/USA-19/Wednesday/us-19-Landers-Flying-A-False-Flag-Advanced-C2-Trust-Conflicts-And-Domain-Takeover.pdf

näiteid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:False_flag_operations

https://www.wired.com/story/russia-false-flag-hacks/

https://www.wired.com/story/russian-hackers-false-flags-iran-fancy-bear/

http://khpg.org/en/index.php?id=1557928691

http://www.softpanorama.org/Skeptics/Political_skeptic/Corporatism/National_security_state/Intelligence_services/False_flag_operations/false_flag_operations_in_cyberspace.shtml