olemus
ISO/IEC 24727-1 jm:
tarkvara, mis ühendab lahusolevaid rakendusi
= software that connects two otherwise separate applications

ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:
tarkvarakiht operatsioonisüsteemi ja rakenduste vahel
= software layer between an operating system and the software applications

ülevaateid
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YY0SvestyaQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nA0BphjJ2GI

http://www.powershow.com/view/15ac86-MDAzY/Middleware_Technologies_powerpoint_ppt_presentation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middleware

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middleware_(distributed_applications)

https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/teaching/0910/ConcDistS/12-middleware.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Middleware