olemus
plokiaheltehnoloogial põhineva äri finantseerimismudel:
rahalised vahendid tehnoloogia loomiseks saadakse
selle plokiahela (veel loomata) krüptoraha müügist

Investopedia:
an unregulated means by which funds are raised for a new cryptocurrency venture

ülevaateid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_coin_offering

https://mpost.io/icos-vs-stos-vs-ipos-in-crypto-key-differences-explained/

https://blockgeeks.com/guides/initial-coin-offering/

https://www.fxempire.com/education/article/ico-initial-coin-offering-work-418446

https://www.coindesk.com/report-more-than-three-quarters-of-icos-in-2017-were-scams/

https://cryptopotato.com/10-keys-evaluating-initial-coin-offering-ico-investments/

https://smartasset.com/investing/ico-initial-coin-offering

turvalisus
https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=7bae1591-edfd-45bf-8523-86ad695720e2

https://kehoelawfirm.com/news/initial-coin-offerings

https://ecgi.global/sites/default/files/working_papers/documents/final2andresarroyocorreiarezola_1.pdf