(= Basic Input-Output System,
"põhimine sisend-väljundsüsteem")

olemus
alglaade-- ja seadmeliidestusprogramm:
arvuti emaplaadil välkmälus, algselt püsimälus,
toetab vanemaid opsüsteeme, kuid
ta funktsioonid või osa neist on nüüd
- opsüsteemidel ja/või
- uuematel algkäivitusprogrammidel
=
firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process

ülevaateid
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XK7Ox2w_ECI

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS

https://pdf4pro.com/cdn/basic-input-output-system-yale-university-4e04ce.pdf

https://documentation.help/The-Hardware-Guide/bios.htm

turvalisus
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-147.pdf

http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-147B.pdf

http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-155/draft-SP800-155_Dec2011.pdf

https://media.defcon.org/DEF%20CON%2022/DEF%20CON%2022%20presentations/DEF%20CON%2022%20-%20Bulygin-Bazhaniul-Furtak-Loucaides-Summary-of-attacks-against-BIOS.pdf

vt ka
- NetBIOS