olemus
protokollidel TCP ja IP põhinevate võrkude neljakihiline mudel, eeskätt Interneti mudel
= a four-layer model of networks based on TCP and IP protocols, primarily the Internet model

kihtide standardnimetused


ülevaateid
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2460/transmission-control-protocolinternet-protocol-tcpip

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite

https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v4i7/SUB155737.pdf

https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/tutorials/ftp/t_2tcp.pdf

http://www.idc-online.com/technical_references/pdfs/data_communications/Tcp_Ip_Reference_Model.pdf

https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/samplechapter/0/1/3/0/0130322202.pdf

standardid
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1122
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1349