olemus
Wikipedia:
the science of deductively valid inferences or of logical truths

Dictionary.com:
the branch of logic concerned exclusively with the principles of deductive reasoning and with the form rather than the content of propositions

Merriam-Webster:
: a system of logic (as Aristotelian logic or symbolic logic) that abstracts the forms of thought from its content to establish abstract criteria of consistency —contrasted with material logic

ISO/IEC 2382:
kehtiva väite struktuuri ja vormide uurimine
sõltumatult väite liikmete tähendusest
= study of the structure and forms of valid argument without regard to the meaning of the terms in the argument

Wiktionary:
1. (logic) mathematical logic
2. (logic) a particular logical calculus

ülevaateid
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_MUDF1d1sU'

http://hummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/methods-manchester/docs/formal-logic.pdf

http://tellerprimer.ucdavis.edu/pdf/

https://engineering.purdue.edu/~bouman/ece301/notes/pdf/Logic.pdf

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Formal_Logic.pdf

https://www.logicmatters.net/resources/pdfs/IFL2_LM.pdf

vt ka
- loogika
- matemaatiline loogika