olemus
teabe täielik ja täpne matemaatiline esitus,
mis võimaldab ta omaduste formaalset tõestust:
spetsifikatsiooni, turvapoliitika vms
= a complete and precise statement of components to be used and the relationships among them such that properties of it can be formally proved

https://turnbull.sk.tsukuba.ac.jp/Teach/IntroSES/modeling-1.html

näiteid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_security_model

https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/Publications/rc.pdf

http://www.csl.sri.com/users/rushby/papers/blp86.pdf

https://www.adambarth.com/papers/2010/akhawe-barth-lam-mitchell-song.pdf

http://formalmethods2019.inesctec.pt/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DSFM19_paper_2.pdf

https://home.inf.unibe.ch/~tstuder/papers/fmdp.pdf

vt ka
- formaalne meetod
- formaalne spetsifikatsioon