olemus
(a) = industrial espionage

(b) riiklik majandusspionaaž,
vastandina firmadevahelisele
= stealing of intellectual property and/or trade secrets that is
sponsored by governments and is international in scope
(while industrial or corporate espionage generally occurs between organizations)

ülevaateid
https://www.fbi.gov/about/faqs/what-is-economic-espionage

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economic-espionage.asp

https://wiskos.de/files/pdf3/1._Conceptual_difficulties.pdf

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economic-espionage.asp

https://www.dni.gov/files/NCSC/documents/news/20180724-economic-espionage-pub.pdf

https://lawreview.law.miami.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/A-Comparative-Approach-to-Economic-Espionage_-Is-Any-Nation-Effectively-Dealing-With-This-Global-Threat_.pdf

https://itif.org/publications/2020/01/27/fact-week-more-90-percent-us-economic-espionage-prosecutions-involve-china

näiteid
https://www.osi.af.mil/News/Features/Display/Article/2359612/a-case-of-economic-espionage/

https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/chinese-citizen-sentenced-economic-espionage-theft-trade-secrets-and-conspiracy