olemus
avatud süsteemi vastand
valdkonnast ja kontekstist sõltuvas tähenduses,
näiteks
süsteem, mille spetsifikatsioone salastatakse
kolmandate poolte osaluse ja mõju vältimiseks;
välistab kolmandate poolte komponentide kasutamise ja
nendepoolsed edasiarendused

näiteid
Wiktionary:
1. (physics, chemistry, engineering) a physical system whose interaction with its environment is limited to particular types of transfer, so that certain quantities are conserved within the system
2. (thermodynamics) a system that can exchange heat and work, but not matter, with its surroundings

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_system

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/387718/The_economics_of_open_and_closed_systems.pdf

https://techpinions.com/open-vs-closed-systems-what-the-future-holds/12754

https://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-closed-systems-organizations-15281.html

vt ka
- tagasisidestatud juhtimissüsteem