olemus
sõltub kontekstist

(1) ISO/TS 22600, ISO/IEC 27040:
autentimine krüptograafiliste mitmeteguriliste mandaatidega
= authentication by means of cryptographically derived multi-factor credentials
(2) = multiautentimine
(3) igasugune autentimine, mis ei nõua parooli edastust

ülevaateid
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/23939/strong-authentication

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_authentication

https://cpl.thalesgroup.com/access-management/strong-authentication-best-practices

https://openauthentication.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/AnIndustryRoadmapforOpenStrongAuthentication.pdf