olemus
kelmus, mille käigus kelm meelitab naiivset ohvrit tasuma “avanssi”, pakkudes talle mingit hüve (kaupa, teenust, töökohta, loosivõitu vms, mis aga jääb ohvril saamata)

ülevaateid
https://www.actionfraud.police.uk/fraud-az-advance-fee-fraud

https://stonebridgebp.com/library/uncategorized/a-look-at-different-types-of-advance-fee-fraud/

https://www.nextwebsecurity.com/419LifeCycle.asp

https://scams.wikispaces.com/Advance+Fee+Fraud

http://www.cybercrimejournal.com/thomasdanielleijcc.pdf

allikate näiteid
https://www.crouchie.net/419/reported-scams

vt ka
419 scam

tõrje
https://www.fbi.gov/scams-and-safety/common-fraud-schemes/advance-fee-schemes

https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/285844

http://www.homesecurity.us/articles/protecting-yourself-from-advance-fee-fraud.html