olemus
ISO 5492:
materjali või objekti kõik nähtavad atribuudid
= all the visible attributes of a substance or object

ISO 4618:
pinna visuaalomadused
= visual characteristics of a surface

ülevaateid
https://www.tsijournals.com/articles/study-on-product-appearance-design-based-on-brand-identification.pdf

https://www.softscripts.net/blog/2019/03/products-design-appearance/

http://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/535/272