olemus
(1) ründe ressursitarbe mõõt,
näiteks ründevahendite või -teenuste ostuhind

ISO/IEC 18033:
suhe W/P, kus
- W on ründealgoritmi keskmine keerukus
krüpteerimisalgoritmi kutsete arvuna
- P on ründe õnnestumise tõenäosus

näiteid
https://www.cybersecurity-insiders.com/cost-to-launch-a-cyber-attack/

https://www.infoguardsecurity.com/how-much-does-it-cost-to-launch-a-cyberattack/

https://securelist.com/the-cost-of-launching-a-ddos-attack/77784/

https://www.techcentral.ie/how-much-does-it-cost-to-launch-a-cyber-attack/

https://cr.yp.to/2005-590/wiener.pdf

(2) ründega tekitatud kahju suurus

https://media.kaspersky.com/pdf/it-risks-survey-report-cost-of-security-breaches.pdf

https://fortunly.com/statistics/data-breach-statistics/#gref

https://digitalguardian.com/blog/whats-cost-data-breach-2019#:~:text=In%20the%20U.S.%20a%20data,%2C%20%24242%2C%20is%20steeper%20too.

https://www.upguard.com/blog/cost-of-data-breach